Medical ozone gas, composed of three oxygen atoms, is one of the most powerful and natural antimicrobial agents known. In holistic dentistry, in cases of deep caries where pulp (nerve) exposure is very close, ozone gas is applied to the carious surface using special closed-tip applicators. Within seconds, ozone destroys all bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the carious cavity by oxidizing their cell walls; moreover, it does so without harming living tooth cells. In periodontal (gum) treatments, ozonized water or ozone gas is sprayed directly into deep gum pockets, completely eroding anaerobic microorganism colonies that even traditional antibiotics cannot reach. Ozone also increases blood circulation and tissue oxygenation in that area, triggering rapid cell regeneration and healing.